Former official liang jing1/4/2024 ![]() ![]() He honored his mother Lady Liu as princess dowager, and he immediately sought out an official Jin commission as the Duke of Xiping, and released the Jin messenger Yu Gui ( 俞歸), who had been detained by Zhang Chonghua in 347 after offending him by refusing to grant him the Prince of Liang title that he wanted. A month later, however, he had Liu Su lead soldiers into the palace to assassinate the 13-year-old Zhang Xuanjing, but claimed that Zhang Xuanjing died of an illness. Zhang Xuanjing became fearful and offered to yield the throne to Zhang Tianxi, but Zhang Tianxi refused. She became concerned that Zhang Tianxi was acting dictatorially, and she conspired with the high-level official Zhang Qin ( 張欽) to kill Zhang Tianxi, but the news leaked, and Zhang Qin and other conspirators were put to death. ![]() In 363, Princess Dowager Ma, Zhang Xuanjing's grandmother and the mother of Zhang Tianxi's older brother Zhang Chonghua (Duke Jinglie) died, and Zhang Xuanjing honored his mother Lady Guo as princess dowager. Zhang Tianxi ended the practice of using Emperor Min of Jin's era name Jianxing and instead started using the current era name of Jin Dynasty (at the time, Emperor Ai's Shengping), to show even greater affinity with Jin. His clan was slaughtered, and Zhang Tianxi became sole regent. Zhang's forces, hearing this, abandoned him, and Zhang Yong committed suicide. Zhang Yong then gathered his troops and attacked Zhang Tianxi, but Zhang Tianxi persuaded Zhang Yong's troops that he was avenging the Song clan and that Zhang Yong's next move was going to be to slaughtered the royal Zhang clan. Zhang Tianxi's assistants Liu Su ( 劉肅), comparing Zhang Yong to Zhang Zuo, persuaded him that he needed to act against Zhang Yong, and later in 361, Zhang Tianxi had Liu Su and another assistant, Zhao Baiju ( 趙白駒) attempt to assassinate Zhang Yong, but failed. Zhang Yong and Zhang Tianxi then served as co-regents.Īfter becoming regent, Zhang Yong became arrogant, sexually immoral, and dictatorial, and he often executed officials, causing the nobles and the officials to be fearful. In 361, the capable regent Song Hun died and was replaced by his brother Song Cheng ( 宋澄), who was then overthrown in a coup later that year by the general Zhang Yong ( 張邕). The young Zhang Xuanjing went through a progression of regents. Sometime either during Zhang Zuo's reign or that of his nephew Zhang Xuanjing, who became ruler after the violent and arbitrary Zhang Zuo was overthrown in 355, Zhang Tianxi visited the Jin capital Jiankang, and it was this time that his non-standard, three-character courtesy name Gongchungu was apparently joked about, so he dropped the initial character "Gong" and made it Chungu. Not much is known about Zhang Tianxi's early life other than that in 354, when his older brother Zhang Zuo formally broke away from Jin, Zhang Zuo created him the Marquess of Changning. His mother was Zhang Jun's concubine Lady Liu (but see her article on confusion about his mother's identity). ![]() Zhang Tianxi was born in 346, the same year that his father Zhang Jun died, and it is not known whether he was born before or after his father's death. He died in 406, 30 years after his state was destroyed. Although the Jin imperial government was not happy about some of his actions as the ruler of Former Liang (including his vacillation and his use of an era name), it recognized how his ancestors had long formally held out as a Jin vassal, and Emperor Xiaowu restored him to the title of Duke of Xiping. He became a Former Qin official (with the title Marquess of Guiyi ( 歸義侯)), but after Former Qin's failed attempt to conquer Jin in 383 at the Battle of Fei River, he fled to Jin. During his reign, he claimed vassal status with regard to both Jin Dynasty and Former Qin, but eventually, under Former Qin pressure to completely submit, he tried to resist militarily, but could not and surrendered in 376, ending Former Liang. He was the youngest son of Zhang Jun (Duke Zhongcheng), and he seized the throne from his nephew Zhang Xuanjing (Duke Jingdao) in 363. Zhang Tianxi ( Chinese: 張天錫 346–406), original courtesy name Gongchungu ( 公純嘏), later Chungu ( 純嘏), nickname Duhuo ( 獨活), formally Duke Dao of Xiping ( 西平悼公), was the last ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang. Ordered to hold tally, Grand Commander, Grand General, Colonel to Guard the Qiang people, Governor of Liang Province, Duke of Xiping (使持節 大都督 大將軍 護羌校尉 涼州牧 西平公) ![]()
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